ABSTRACT
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR7 genes are involved in the host immune response against viral infections including SARS-COV-2. This study aimed to investigate the association between the TLR3(rs3775290) and TLR7(rs179008) polymorphisms with the prognosis and susceptibility to COVID-19 pneumonia accompanying SARS-COV-2 infection. This case-control study included 236 individuals: 136 COVID-19 pneumonia patients and 100 age and sex-matched controls. Two polymorphisms (TLR3 rs3775290 and TLR7 rs179008) were genotyped by allelic discrimination through TaqMan real-time PCR. This study also investigated predictors of mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia through logistic regression. The mutant 'T/T' genotypes and the 'T' alleles of TLR3(rs3775290) and TLR7(rs179008) polymorphisms were significantly associated with increased risk of COVID-19 pneumonia. This study did not report association between the mutant 'T/T' genotypes of TLR3(rs3775290) and TLR7(rs179008) and the disease outcome. In multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia were male sex, SPO2 ≤ 82%, INR > 1, LDH ≥ 1000 U/l, and lymphocyte count<900/mm3 (P < 0.05).
Subject(s)
COVID-19/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Pneumonia/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Toll-Like Receptor 3/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 7/genetics , Aged , Alleles , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/virology , Case-Control Studies , Female , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Pneumonia/virology , Prognosis , ROC Curve , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2/physiologyABSTRACT
AIM: This study aimed at providing evidence to consider sex differences in interpretations of laboratory parameters of severe COVID-19 patients with diabetes. METHODS: For 118 diabetic patients, laboratory measurements and clinical outcomes were compared between males and females. This study also compared inflammatory ratios obtained from combinations of six inflammatory markers between the two groups. The risk factors for mortality were identified through logistic regression. RESULTS: Males were 54 (45.8%) and females were 64 (54.2%). Males showed a significant increase in ALT (Pâ¯=â¯0.003), CRP (Pâ¯=â¯0.03), mean platelet volume (MPV)-to-lymphocyte ratio (Pâ¯=â¯0.001), and C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (Pâ¯=â¯0.044), whereas females had a significant increase in lymphocytes (Pâ¯<â¯0.005) and MPV (Pâ¯=â¯0.01). In all participants, multivariate analysis illustrated that older age, male sex, increased serum total bilirubin, and decreased PO2 were significant independent predictors of mortality (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). CONCLUSION: In severe COVID-19 patients with diabetes, there were significant sex differences in many laboratory characteristics with a higher risk of mortality among males.